(Ytrrium is a heavy rare earth element. Below are its characteristics. Why would I write about a heavy element, you ask? Because Yttrium has been found at Wonder Lake, that’s why. And it plays like a nightmare for Judy and Jack!)
Discovered by: Johann Gadolin in 1794 [Finland]
Symbol: Y
Atomic Weight: 88.90585
Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s1 4d1
Word Origin: Named for Ytterby, a Swedish village, which is the site of a quarry that yielded this rare earth element.
Isotopes: Natural Yttrium is composed of Yttrium-89 only. There are 19 known unstable isotopes.
Properties: Yttrium has a metallic silver luster. It’s relatively stable in air except when finely divided. Yttrium turnings will ignite in air if their temperature exceeds 400 degrees Celcius.
Yttrium oxides are components of phoshors used to produce the red color in TV tubes, LEDs, ceramics and glass. They have a high melting point and impart shock resistance and low expansion to glass. Yttrium iron garnets are used to filter microwaves and transmitters and transducers of acoustic energy. Yttrium aluminum garnets have a hardness of 8.5. They are used to simulate diamonds. Small quantities of Yttrium may be added to reduce the grain size in chromium, molybdenum, zirconium and titanium, to increase strength of aluminum and magnesium alloys. Yttrium is used as a deoxidizer for vanadium and other nonferrous metals. It’s used as a catalyst in the polymerization of ethylene.
Element Classification: Transition Metal
Density (g/cc): 4.47
Melting Point (K): 1795
Boiling Point (K): 3611
Appearance: silvery, ductile, moderately reactive metal
Atomic Radius (pm): 178
Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 19.8
Covalent Radius (pm): 162
Ionic Radius: 89.3 (=3e)
Specific Heat: (@20C J/g mol): 0.284
Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 11.5
Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 367
Pauling Negativity Number: 1.22
First Ionizating Energy (kJ/mol): 615.4
Oxidation States: 3
Lattice Structure: hexagonal
Lattice Constant (Å): 3.650
Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.571
{References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics (18th Ed.)}
YTTRIUM: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium
[Photographs in this A-Z series are of signage in the Vancouver, B.C. area.]
Copyright 2012 – MoonWynd Studios. All rights reserved.
This is a work of fiction. Names, characters, places and incidents either are products of the author’s imagination or are used fictitiously. Any resemblance to actual events or locales or persons, living or dead, is entirely coincidental.

![[X]](http://moonwyndstudio.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/x.jpg?w=150&h=126)













